Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Darunavir/Cobicistat in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Findings From the Multicenter Italian CORIST Study

Background: Protease inhibitors have been considered as possible therapeutic agents for COVID-19 patients. Objectives: To describe the association between lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) or darunavir/cobicistat (DRV/c) use and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. Study Design: Multicenter observational study of COVID-19 patients admitted in 33 Italian hospitals. Medications, preexisting conditions, clinical measures, and outcomes were extracted from medical records. Patients were retrospectively divided in three groups, according to use of LPV/r, DRV/c or none of them. Primary outcome in a time-to event analysis was death. We used Cox proportional-hazards models with inverse probability of treatment weighting by multinomial propensity scores. Results: Out of 3,451 patients, 33.3% LPV/r and 13.9% received DRV/c. Patients receiving LPV/r or DRV/c were more likely younger, men, had higher C-reactive protein levels while less likely had hypertension, cardiovascular, pulmonary or kidney disease. After adjustment for propensity scores, LPV/r use was not associated with mortality (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.13), whereas treatment with DRV/c was associated with a higher death risk (HR = 1.89, 1.53 to 2.34, E-value = 2.43). This increased risk was more marked in women, in elderly, in patients with higher severity of COVID-19 and in patients receiving other COVID-19 drugs. Conclusions: In a large cohort of Italian patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a real-life setting, the use of LPV/r treatment did not change death rate, while DRV/c was associated with increased mortality. Within the limits of an observational study, these data do not support the use of LPV/r or DRV/c in COVID-19 patients

The Sustainability Perspective: A New Governance Model

Whatever criticisms, there is little doubt that the involvement of enterprises with issues of social concern take greater prominence. This book examines the questions and challenges surrounding the concept and application of the social responsibilities of the enterprise

Lopinavir/ritonavir and darunavir/cobicistat in hospitalized covid-19 patients: Findings from the multicenter italian corist study

109nononeBackground: Protease inhibitors have been considered as possible therapeutic agents for COVID-19 patients. Objectives: To describe the association between lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) or darunavir/cobicistat (DRV/c) use and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. Study Design: Multicenter observational study of COVID-19 patients admitted in 33 Italian hospitals. Medications, preexisting conditions, clinical measures, and outcomes were extracted from medical records. Patients were retrospectively divided in three groups, according to use of LPV/r, DRV/c or none of them. Primary outcome in a time-to event analysis was death. We used Cox proportional-hazards models with inverse probability of treatment weighting by multinomial propensity scores. Results: Out of 3,451 patients, 33.3% LPV/r and 13.9% received DRV/c. Patients receiving LPV/r or DRV/c were more likely younger, men, had higher C-reactive protein levels while less likely had hypertension, cardiovascular, pulmonary or kidney disease. After adjustment for propensity scores, LPV/r use was not associated with mortality (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.13), whereas treatment with DRV/c was associated with a higher death risk (HR = 1.89, 1.53 to 2.34, E-value = 2.43). This increased risk was more marked in women, in elderly, in patients with higher severity of COVID-19 and in patients receiving other COVID-19 drugs. Conclusions: In a large cohort of Italian patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a real-life setting, the use of LPV/r treatment did not change death rate, while DRV/c was associated with increased mortality. Within the limits of an observational study, these data do not support the use of LPV/r or DRV/c in COVID-19 patients.noneDi Castelnuovo A.; Costanzo S.; Antinori A.; Berselli N.; Blandi L.; Bonaccio M.; Bruno R.; Cauda R.; Gialluisi A.; Guaraldi G.; Menicanti L.; Mennuni M.; My I.; Parruti A.; Patti G.; Perlini S.; Santilli F.; Signorelli C.; Stefanini G.G.; Vergori A.; Ageno W.; Aiello L.; Agostoni P.; Moghazi S.A.; Arboretti R.; Aucella F.; Barbieri G.; Barchitta M.; Bartoloni A.; Bologna C.; Bonfanti P.; Caiano L.; Carrozzi L.; Cascio A.; Castiglione G.; Chiarito M.; Ciccullo A.; Cingolani A.; Cipollone F.; Colomba C.; Colombo C.; Crosta F.; Dalena G.; Dal Pra C.; Danzi G.B.; D'ardes D.; Donati K.G.; Di Gennaro F.; Di Tano G.; D'offizi G.; Filippini T.; Fusco F.M.; Gaudiosi C.; Gentile I.; Gini G.; Grandone E.; Guarnieri G.; Lamanna G.L.F.; Larizza G.; Leone A.; Lio V.; Losito A.R.; Maccagni G.; Maitan S.; Mancarella S.; Manuele R.; Mapelli M.; Maragna R.; Marra L.; Maresca G.; Marotta C.; Mastroianni F.; Mazzitelli M.; Mengozzi A.; Menichetti F.; Milic J.; Minutolo F.; Molena B.; Mussinelli R.; Mussini C.; Musso M.; Odone A.; Olivieri M.; Pasi E.; Perroni A.; Petri F.; Pinchera B.; Pivato C.A.; Poletti V.; Ravaglia C.; Rossato M.; Rossi M.; Sabena A.; Salinaro F.; Sangiovanni V.; Sanrocco C.; Scorzolini L.; Sgariglia R.; Simeone P.G.; Spinicci M.; Trecarichi E.M.; Veronesi G.; Vettor R.; Vianello A.; Vinceti M.; Visconti E.; Vocciante L.; Caterina R.D.; Iacoviello L.Di Castelnuovo, A.; Costanzo, S.; Antinori, A.; Berselli, N.; Blandi, L.; Bonaccio, M.; Bruno, R.; Cauda, R.; Gialluisi, A.; Guaraldi, G.; Menicanti, L.; Mennuni, M.; My, I.; Parruti, A.; Patti, G.; Perlini, S.; Santilli, F.; Signorelli, C.; Stefanini, G. G.; Vergori, A.; Ageno, W.; Aiello, L.; Agostoni, P.; Moghazi, S. A.; Arboretti, R.; Aucella, F.; Barbieri, G.; Barchitta, M.; Bartoloni, A.; Bologna, C.; Bonfanti, P.; Caiano, L.; Carrozzi, L.; Cascio, A.; Castiglione, G.; Chiarito, M.; Ciccullo, A.; Cingolani, A.; Cipollone, F.; Colomba, C.; Colombo, C.; Crosta, F.; Dalena, G.; Dal Pra, C.; Danzi, G. B.; D'Ardes, D.; Donati, K. G.; Di Gennaro, F.; Di Tano, G.; D'Offizi, G.; Filippini, T.; Fusco, F. M.; Gaudiosi, C.; Gentile, I.; Gini, G.; Grandone, E.; Guarnieri, G.; Lamanna, G. L. F.; Larizza, G.; Leone, A.; Lio, V.; Losito, A. R.; Maccagni, G.; Maitan, S.; Mancarella, S.; Manuele, R.; Mapelli, M.; Maragna, R.; Marra, L.; Maresca, G.; Marotta, C.; Mastroianni, F.; Mazzitelli, M.; Mengozzi, A.; Menichetti, F.; Milic, J.; Minutolo, F.; Molena, B.; Mussinelli, R.; Mussini, C.; Musso, M.; Odone, A.; Olivieri, M.; Pasi, E.; Perroni, A.; Petri, F.; Pinchera, B.; Pivato, C. A.; Poletti, V.; Ravaglia, C.; Rossato, M.; Rossi, M.; Sabena, A.; Salinaro, F.; Sangiovanni, V.; Sanrocco, C.; Scorzolini, L.; Sgariglia, R.; Simeone, P. G.; Spinicci, M.; Trecarichi, E. M.; Veronesi, G.; Vettor, R.; Vianello, A.; Vinceti, M.; Visconti, E.; Vocciante, L.; Caterina, R. D.; Iacoviello, L

Deconstructing the Relationship Between Corporate Social and Financial Performance

For four decades, research on the role and responsibilities of business in society has centered on the business case for corporate social responsibility (CSR) and an increasing number of studies on the corporate social performance (CSP)—corporate financial performance (CFP) link emerged leading to controversial results.Heeding the call for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms linking certain CSR efforts to certain performance outcomes, this study provides a stakeholder-based organizing framework rooted in an extensive review of existing literature on the link between CSP and CFP. In so doing, we aim at guiding research and practice toward less simplistic understandings of the CSP–CFP connection, thus advancing the debate over the consequences of voluntary integrating CSR into business operations and into relationships with stakeholders. By disentangling specific drivers and outcomes of the CSP–CFP link, we underline the importance of setting clear boundaries and specifying levels of analysis to generate comparable results